Essays and analysis

Long-form writing on political theory, methodology and the shifts reshaping the spectrum.

• The Evolution of Modern Liberalism — From Locke's property rights to algorithmic accountability: how the liberal tradition rebuilt itself four times in three centuries, and what the fifth rebuild will have to solve. (2026-02-11)
• Understanding Populism in the Digital Age — Populism is a structure of argument, not a set of policies. Here is how that structure works, why platform architecture rewards it, and how to tell it apart from ordinary democratic opposition. (2026-02-26)
• The Role of Identity in Political Alignment — People do not usually choose a party because of its policies. They adopt policies because of the group they already belong to. The evidence for that inversion, and what it means for political argument. (2026-03-14)
• The Future of Social Democracy — The Nordic model is real, measurable and consistently misdescribed by both its admirers and its critics. What it actually consists of, why it is under strain, and what would be needed to sustain it. (2026-04-02)
• The Myth of Meritocracy: A Political Perspective — The word was coined as satire and adopted as an ideal. What the mobility data actually shows, why the belief persists regardless, and the political consequences of telling people they deserve their position. (2026-04-23)
• Geopolitics in 2026: The Shift to a Multipolar World — Unipolarity ended without a war and without a treaty. What is replacing it is not a new bloc system but something less orderly: overlapping, issue-specific alignments with no stable centre. (2026-05-19)
• History of the 2-Axis Spectrum: From 1789 to the Nolan Chart — The left-right line was an accident of French seating arrangements. The second axis took a century and a half to arrive, and it came out of psychology rather than political theory. (2026-06-08)
• Techno-Feudalism vs Digital Sovereignty — A serious argument holds that platform economies have stopped being markets and started being something older. Assessing the claim, the objections to it, and what is genuinely new about algorithmic power. (2026-07-15)